Inclusion Requires Fracturing

Fracturing ranked surfaces

Discretized landscapes can be mapped onto ranked surfaces, where every element (site or bond) has a unique rank associated with its corresponding relative height. By sequentially allocating these elements according to their ranks and systematically preventing the occupation of bridges, namely elements that, if occupied, would provide global connectivity, we disclose that bridges hide a new tric...

Fracturing highly disordered materials.

We investigate the role of disorder on the fracturing process of heterogeneous materials by means of a two-dimensional fuse network model. Our results in the extreme disorder limit reveal that the backbone of the fracture at collapse, namely, the subset of the largest fracture that effectively halts the global current, has a fractal dimension of 1.22 ± 0.01. This exponent value is compatible wi...

Fracturing the optimal paths.

Optimal paths play a fundamental role in numerous physical applications ranging from random polymers to brittle fracture, from the flow through porous media to information propagation. Here for the first time we explore the path that is activated once this optimal path fails and what happens when this new path also fails and so on, until the system is completely disconnected. In fact many appli...

Hydraulic and Pneumatic Fracturing

Thermal Fracturing of Pack Ice

The first step was to collect, process, and examine the data from SHEBA. The meteorological data include wind speed, air temperature, and longwave and shortwave radiation. Ice core data were used to calculate an average profile of ice salinity and porosity. Snow cover variations were combined into bins to produce a time history of the fractional coverage of snow as a function of time. Ice stres...